2. The earliest evidence for using bow-instruments for carding comes from India (2nd century CE). Fiber or fibre (from Latin: fibra) is a natural or artificial substance that is significantly longer than it is wide. Although almost all dyeing can be done in a vat, the term vat dye is used to describe a chemical class of dyes that are applied to cellulosic fibre (i.e., cotton) using a redox reaction as described below.Because of the use of caustic soda, and the very high pH of the dye bath in the dyeing process, wool cannot be dyed using vat dyestuffs. plants and animals. Vendor Search. Kaowool. Arguably the oldest-known animal fibre, wool is composed of a natural protein called keratin - the same protein found in human hair - with a small amount of calcium, sodium and fat. Merino wool is grown from Merino sheep. In common with wood, wool, feathers, etc. Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc. b) Animals fibres are silk and wool. Its hues varied according to processing, The water-soluble green fibres obtained as a precursor are crystallized by means of heat treatment. Fiber crops are field crops grown for their fibers, which are traditionally used to make paper, cloth, or rope.. PET is spun into fibres for permanent-press fabrics and blow-molded into disposable beverage bottles. Republican, and Imperial eras, the fastest, most expensive and sought-after dye was imported Tyrian purple, obtained from the murex. A mordant or dye fixative is a substance used to set (i.e. polyethylene terephthalate (PET or PETE), a strong, stiff synthetic fibre and resin and a member of the polyester family of polymers. This is a type of synthetic fibre obtained from wood pulp. Animal Fibres are obtained from animals for eg., wool from sheep and silk from the silkworm. The SI unit of heat capacity is joule per kelvin (J/K).. Heat capacity is an extensive property.The corresponding intensive property is the specific heat capacity, found by dividing the heat capacity of an Materials suited for vat dyeing. Microsoft is quietly building a mobile Xbox store that will rely on Activision and King games. Science historian Joseph Needham ascribes the invention of bow-instruments used in textile technology to India. Wool was the most commonly used fibre in Roman clothing. It is soft, fine, glossy, and luxurious. 0.036/0.031 . Name two items that are made from coconut fibre. The process traps many small pockets of air between the glass, and these small air pockets result in high thermal insulation properties. A mechanical adhesive bond may be formed around glass fibre mat or tissue to reinforce joints or to fabricate wool, and other fibrous materials . Glass wool is an insulating material made from fibres of glass arranged using a binder into a texture similar to wool. Polycrystalline wool is generally used at application temperatures greater than 1300 C and in critical chemical and physical application conditions. of the textile fibre product, The fabric shall be woven to 20.5 yarn threads per centimetre in the warp. polyester, acetate, polyamide). Wool is fiber derived from animal fur. The hair follicle density is very high (approximately 42 mm 2 [0.065 sq in]) and qiviut is shed in a tightly synchronized spring moulting period. PET is spun into fibres for permanent-press fabrics and blow-molded into disposable beverage bottles. Worsted yarn mainly uses the highest quality fleece wool obtained during shearing. What are Fabrics? 1. Disperse dyes are used in synthetic fibre (e.g. The term haute couture originally referred to Englishman Charles Frederick Worth's work, produced in Paris in the mid-19th century. The cutter produces fibre in lengths of 2.5 to 15 cm (1 to 6 inches) known as staple. polyethylene terephthalate (PET or PETE), a strong, stiff synthetic fibre and resin and a member of the polyester family of polymers. It may be used for dyeing fabrics or for intensifying stains in cell or tissue preparations.Although mordants are still used, especially by small batch dyers, it has been largely displaced in industry by directs. Spinning is a twisting technique to form yarn from fibers.The fiber intended is drawn out, twisted, and wound onto a bobbin.A few popular fibers that are spun into yarn other than cotton, which is the most popular, are viscose (the most common form of rayon), and synthetic polyester.Originally done by hand using a spindle whorl, starting in the 500s AD the spinning wheel became the Although nature abounds in fibrous The fibre is then wound onto spindles or sent to a cutter. At first, the word "textiles" only referred to woven fabrics.However, weaving is not the only manufacturing method, and many other methods were later developed to form textile structures based on their intended use. Animal fibres: These are the fibres that are obtained from animals. Its oil is known as linseed oil. Rayon is mixed with cotton to make bedsheets. 5. The surface of each fibre is covered in scales, which are important in making felts and traditional woollen cloths. checkbox label label. Q.5. Nylon . Natural fibres can again be divided into two types based on their source i.e. Glass fibre, resin bonded . Ans. A natural fibre may be further defined as an agglomeration of cells in which the diameter is negligible in comparison with the length. Ans. It may be used for dyeing fabrics or for intensifying stains in cell or tissue preparations.Although mordants are still used, especially by small batch dyers, it has been largely displaced in industry by directs. The process of turning the raw wool fibre into fabric involves the production of yarn via two main manufacturing methods: the worsted system and the woollen system. Coconut fiber, commonly known as coir, is obtained from the fibrous husk of the coconut.This is the thick fibrous middle layer (2) of the coconut sketched in Figure 4.17.To separate the fibers the coconut shells are cut in half and then retted. Alpaca fiber is sourced from alpacas.It is warmer than sheep's wool and lighter in weight. Solution: Cotton is obtained from the fruits of the cotton plant and Jute is obtained from the stem of the jute plant. bind) dyes on fabrics by forming a coordination complex with the dye, which then attaches to the fabric (or tissue). Ethylene glycol is a colourless liquid obtained from Password requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; The fabric shall be made of 100 per cent flame retardant polyester fibre. The thickness of the quality fiber is between 12-29 micrometers. The Dapifer notes that Worth would allow his clients to select colors, fabrics, and other details before ever beginning his design process, which was unheard of at the time. From which part of the plant cotton and jute are obtained? Source: Prepared by authors based on data from Melgarejo, 1995. Consent Leg.Interest. PET is produced by the polymerization of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. A spindle that has been fully wound with continuous fibre is called a package. Kaowool is a type of high-temperature mineral wool made from the mineral kaolin. (i) Ropes (ii) Mats. Bast fibre (also called phloem fibre or skin fibre) is plant fibre collected from the phloem (the "inner bark", sometimes called "skin") or bast surrounding the stem of certain dicotyledonous plants.It supports the conductive cells of the phloem and provides strength to the stem. Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a physical property of matter, defined as the amount of heat to be supplied to an object to produce a unit change in its temperature. Back. Rayon is mixed with wool to make carpets. The use of a registered trade mark or of a coined, trade or brand name may provide a false or erroneous impression as to the actual fibre content, origin, performance, etc. A lubricant, referred to as the fibre finish, is generally applied before the fibre is dried on large, heated drum rolls. Fiber crops are characterized by having a large concentration of cellulose, which is what gives them their strength. The longest human chromosome, chromosome 1, is approximately 10 m in length. Fabrics have been made from bamboo for thousands of years, but it is only in contemporary times that the process of making this hardy and fast-growing wood into fabric has been perfected. Wool: Wool is a natural textile fibre obtained from sheep, goats and camels. The output of the lamp was collected by a single-mode fibre, collimated by a 10 objective and then focused onto the sample by an objective with a numerical aperture of 0.8. The micrometre is a common unit of measurement for wavelengths of infrared radiation as well as sizes of biological cells and bacteria, and for grading wool by the diameter of the fibres. Synthetic fibers can often be produced very cheaply and in large amounts Although synthetic composites like glass fibres have high density with significantly high cost, natural fibre (flax fibres) exhibits fairly good density of 1.5 g/cm 3 and cost between $0.22 and $1.10/kg [].In other words, the cost of glass fibres is nearly about 12001800 US$/tonnes and density is around 2500 kg/m 3 while natural fibres cost lies between 200 and 1000 US$/tonnes Explain the process of making yam from fibre. Wool is the textile fibre obtained from sheep and other mammals, especially goats, rabbits, and camelids. bind) dyes on fabrics by forming a coordination complex with the dye, which then attaches to the fabric (or tissue). a) Plant fibres are obtained from cotton and jute. Some examples are cotton, silk, wool etc. hemp fibre products. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. It is easy to dye in a wide range of colours. 4. This type of synthetic fibre is obtained from coal, water and air. Its construction shall be woven to a plain weave. Rayon fabric is soft, absorbent and comfortable. From which parts of the plant cotton and jute are obtained? Q.6. For example Wool, silk etc. Ethylene glycol is a colourless liquid obtained from TABLE 5.5 Thermal conductivity and density values at 20-25 C of cork insulation. Flax, also known as common flax or linseed, is a flowering plant, Linum usitatissimum, in the family Linaceae.It is cultivated as a food and fiber crop in regions of the world with temperate climates.Textiles made from flax are known in Western countries as linen and are traditionally used for bed sheets, underclothes, and table linen. Fleece wool generally contains the longest wool fibres, which vary less in diameter and length (b) wool, silk. The width of a single human hair ranges from approximately 20 to 200 m. The term "bamboo fabric" widely refers to a number of different textiles that are made from the bamboo plant. Qiviut is produced by the muskox's secondary hair follicles, which are not associated with sebaceous glands, and therefore is a much drier fibre than wool, having only about 7 percent oils. The yarn in the warp shall be of 1.6 decitex fibre, spun to a linear density of 37 tex, Z twist at 420 turns per metre. These carding devices, called kaman (bow) and dhunaki, would loosen the texture of the fibre by the means of a vibrating string.. At the turn of the eighteenth century, A mordant or dye fixative is a substance used to set (i.e. 64-144 . 4. Some of the economically important bast fibres are obtained from herbs cultivated in agriculture, as for Textile fibers, threads, yarns and fabrics are measured in a multiplicity of units.. A fiber, a single filament of natural material, such as cotton, linen or wool, or artificial material such as nylon, polyester, metal or mineral fiber, or man-made cellulosic fibre like viscose, Modal, Lyocell or other rayon fiber is measured in terms of linear mass density, the weight of a given length of fiber. Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay.The most common leathers come from cattle, sheep, goats, equine animals, buffalo, pigs and hogs, and aquatic animals such as seals and alligators.. Leather can be used to make a variety of items, including clothing, footwear, (i) Cotton Cotton bolls (from the surface of cotton seeds) (fruit) (ii) Jute Stem. PET is produced by the polymerization of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. The term may also refer to inorganic materials, such as mineral wool and glass wool, that have properties similar to animal wool.. As an animal fibre, wool consists of protein together with a small percentage of lipids.This makes it chemically quite distinct from cotton and other Ceiba pentandra is a tropical tree of the order Malvales and the family Malvaceae (previously emplaced in the family Bombacaceae), native to Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, northern South America, and (as the variety C. pentandra var guineensis) West Africa.A somewhat smaller variety was introduced to South and Southeast Asia, where it is cultivated. Examples of Natural Fibres. Wool Blend (4) Athletic (3) Cool Weather (3) Synthetic (3) Recycled Content (2) Lightweight (1) Moisture Advertising cookies enable the provision of relevant ads in our and third party sites/mobile apps based on the data obtained from those third party cookies. Plant Fibres are obtained from plant sources such as cotton, jute, coconut fibre, etc. Ans. In France, the term haute couture is protected by law and is defined by Ceiba pentandra is a tropical tree of the order Malvales and the family Malvaceae (previously emplaced in the family Bombacaceae), native to Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, northern South America, and (as the variety C. pentandra var guineensis) West Africa.A somewhat smaller variety was introduced to South and Southeast Asia, where it is cultivated. Fabrics are defined as the clothing material, which is made by weaving or knitting threads and is obtained from the yarn. Name two items that are made from coconut fiber. the products of combustion of urethane foam and other plastics are hazardous. Disperse dyes are a class of water- insoluble dyes that penetrate the fibre system of synthetic or manufactured fibres and are held in place by physical forces without forming chemical bonds. Hemp, one of the most ancient plants domesticated in India, is an example of a multipurpose plant: oil is obtained from its seeds, fibres from its stalk, and the narcotic hashish from its flowers also eaten in the initial stages of domestication but later became valuable for producing the commodities of milk and wool. Q. Wool. It is important to note that the registration of a mark under the Trade Marks Act does not imply that its use will necessarily comply with the requirements of other federal statutes. Sheep are the principal source of wool, but fiber made from the hair of other mammals, such as goats, alpacas, and rabbits, may also be called wool.. Alpaca. The strongest engineering materials often incorporate fibers, for example carbon fiber and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene.. Microsofts Activision Blizzard deal is key to the companys mobile gaming efforts. natural fibre, any hairlike raw material directly obtainable from an animal, vegetable, or mineral source and convertible into nonwoven fabrics such as felt or paper or, after spinning into yarns, into woven cloth.