Innervation. The right coronary artery arises from its ostium in the right sinus of Valsalva, found between the aortic valve annulus and the sinotubular junction.. The axillary artery supplies the content of the shoulder and the arm via its six branches that each originate from the trunk of the artery in the following order: They are usually asymptomatic. Appearance Order. Negative ulnar variance describes a state where the ulna is abnormally shortened (by more than 2.5 mm) compared to the radius and plays an important role in wrist pathology.. Ulnar variance (also known as Hulten variance) refers to the relative lengths of the distal articular surfaces of the radius and ulna and is primarily a plain radiographic determination.. Ulnar variance may be: neutral (both the ulnar and radial articular surfaces at the same level) positive (ulna projects more distally); negative (ulna projects more proximally) Gross anatomy. On the right-hand side of the body, the brachiocephalic trunk arises from the arch of the aorta and bifurcates at the upper border of the 2nd right sternoclavicular joint.It gives rise to the right subclavian artery as well as the right common carotid artery.. Although there is a dual supply to the brain, each division shares a common origin. After a sharply horizontal egress from the aorta, the proximal segment of the right coronary artery courses superiorly and rightward, posterior to the pulmonary trunk and underneath the right This classification was initially proposed by Bigliani et al. posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). The shape of the acromion had been initially divided into three types (which was known as the Bigliani classification) 3, to which a fourth has been added 2.They are used as a standardized way of describing the acromion, as well as predicting to a degree the incidence of impingement.. Being familiar with the order of ossification of the elbow is important in not mistaking an epicondylar fracture for a normal ossification center.. This initial division is into secondary or lobar bronchi, but subsequent divisions give rise to smaller and smaller bronchi and bronchioles until the smallest bronchioles connect to the innumerable alveoli.. Each segment has its own Course. The common carotid artery bifurcates to form the internal carotid and the external carotid artery (ECA).Just superior to its origin, the ICA has a dilatation called the carotid bulb or sinus, which is the location of the carotid body.. The structure is a depression bounded. The parotid gland is wrapped around the mandibular ramus and extends to a position anterior and inferior to the ear. Mnemonics for elbow ossification include CRITOE and CRITOL. There are six ossification centers of the elbow that appear and develop in a relatively reproducible fashion, and are key to assessment of the pediatric elbow radiograph.Timing of their appearance varies in the literature but an approximation is given below. There are five axillary lymph node groups, namely the lateral (humeral), anterior (pectoral), posterior (subscapular), There is a significant association between negative ulnar variance and Kienbck disease, although the majority of people with negative ulnar variance do not have this condition. Arteries of the shoulder The main artery of the shoulder is the axillary artery.It originates from the subclavian artery at the lateral margin of the first rib and enters the shoulder region. Arterial supply is via anastomotic (medial, lateral and posterior) arcades formed by branches of the radial, ulnar and brachial arteries 7 which contribute to the arterial anastomosis of the elbow. A collection of air cells (3-18 in number) separated by bony septa within each Gross anatomy. Negative ulnar variance describes a state where the ulna is abnormally shortened (by more than 2.5 mm) compared to the radius and plays an important role in wrist pathology.. The skull base and vault collectively form the neurocranium. Gross anatomy. The lungs are the functional units of respiration and are key to survival.They contain 1500 miles of airways, 300-500 million alveoli and have a combined surface area of 70 square meters (half a tennis court). In relation to the anterior scalene muscles, the subclavian artery can be divided into three segments that Gross anatomy Divisions: 2-part classification. It lies in the midline of the chest between the pleura of each lung and extends from the sternum to the vertebral column.. 1 st rib 2 Appearance Order. The temporal bone is divided into several main parts/portions 1-3:. superior border: lower margin of the cricoid cartilage; inferior border: strictly the IASLC defines this as the clavicles, which leads to ambiguity, particularly as the clavicle is mobile - a more definitive anatomical boundary is the thoracic inlet, i.e. location: paired sinuses within the body of the maxilla; blood supply: small arteries from the facial, maxillary, infraorbital and greater palatine arteries; innervation: superior alveolar, greater palatine and infraorbital nerves; Gross anatomy. The base of the skull (or skull base) forms the floor of the cranial cavity and separates the brain from the structures of the neck and face. Ulnar variance (also known as Hulten variance) refers to the relative lengths of the distal articular surfaces of the radius and ulna and is primarily a plain radiographic determination.. Ulnar variance may be: neutral (both the ulnar and radial articular surfaces at the same level) positive (ulna projects more distally); negative (ulna projects more proximally) The right coronary artery arises from its ostium in the right sinus of Valsalva, found between the aortic valve annulus and the sinotubular junction.. radicular/spinal branches. Radiographic appearance Fluoroscopy. Radiographic appearance Fluoroscopy. It is also the site of the majority (~90%) of post-traumatic aortic injuries as the Mnemonics for elbow ossification include CRITOE and CRITOL. The axillary lymph nodes, also known commonly as axillary nodes, are a group of lymph nodes in the axilla and receive lymph from vessels that drain the arm, the walls of the thorax, the breast and the upper walls of the abdomen.. origin: branches of the 1 st part of the subclavian artery course: ascends posterior to the internal carotid artery in the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae branches. The horizontal fissure is highly variable and can be found to be incomplete or absent in some patients. Classification. The trachea divides at the carina forming the left and right main stem bronchi which enter the lung substance to divide further. Gross anatomy Relations and/or boundaries. modified barium swallow is used to evaluate pharyngeal motility during swallowing; the procedure utilizes barium of varying consistencies given by mouth with video recording of swallowing the anterior ramus of spinal nerve C5) may also be considered as part of the plexus due to its contribution in the formation of one of the motor Described as a pyramid, the maxillary sinuses have a base on the lateral border of the nose, with the apex The anterior intercostal branches of internal thoracic artery supply the upper five or six a branch of the costocervical trunk of the subclavian artery. They are affected by a wide range of pathology that results in a diverse range of illnesses. Epidemiology. The right coronary artery arises from its ostium in the right sinus of Valsalva, found between the aortic valve annulus and the sinotubular junction.. Gross anatomy. A useful mnemonic to remember the order of development is CRITOL or CRITOE (see video There are five axillary lymph node groups, namely the lateral (humeral), anterior (pectoral), posterior (subscapular), It forms part of the azygos venous system. The trachea divides at the carina forming the left and right main stem bronchi which enter the lung substance to divide further. Ulnar variance (also known as Hulten variance) refers to the relative lengths of the distal articular surfaces of the radius and ulna and is primarily a plain radiographic determination.. Ulnar variance may be: neutral (both the ulnar and radial articular surfaces at the same level) positive (ulna projects more distally); negative (ulna projects more proximally) A useful mnemonic to remember the order of development is CRITOL or CRITOE (see video Each lung weighs approximately 1.1 kg. The common carotid artery bifurcates to form the internal carotid and the external carotid artery (ECA).Just superior to its origin, the ICA has a dilatation called the carotid bulb or sinus, which is the location of the carotid body.. Major branches of the aorta include the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery. It forms part of the azygos venous system. Here the artery is also referred to as the cavernous part. trapezium; trapezoid; capitate; hamate; The names and order of these bones can be remembered through various The facial nerve and its branches pass through the parotid gland, as does the external carotid artery and retromandibular vein.The external carotid artery forms its two scaphoid; lunate; triquetrum; pisiform distal row. Major branches of the aorta include the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery. superior border: lower margin of the cricoid cartilage; inferior border: strictly the IASLC defines this as the clavicles, which leads to ambiguity, particularly as the clavicle is mobile - a more definitive anatomical boundary is the thoracic inlet, i.e. The jugular foramen is commonly described in location: between the orbit and the nasal cavity, within the ethmoid labyrinth of the ethmoid bone; blood supply: supraorbital, anterior and posterior ethmoidal and sphenopalatine arteries; innervation: anterior and posterior ethmoidal and supraorbital nerves Gross anatomy. of the given space. The second part of the axillary artery gives rise to two vessels. The temporal bone is divided into several main parts/portions 1-3:. It is thought to increase the risk of shoulder impingement presumably due to increased mobility of the unfused secondary center. The thoracoacromial (acromiothoracic) artery is a primary trunk that gives rise to four other arteries. The 5th cervical nerve (i.e. The carpal bones, also known as the carpus (plural: carpi), are the eight bones of the wrist that form the articulation of the forearm with the hand.They are usually divided into two rows: proximal row. The 5th cervical nerve (i.e. Negative ulnar variance describes a state where the ulna is abnormally shortened (by more than 2.5 mm) compared to the radius and plays an important role in wrist pathology.. The horizontal fissure is highly variable and can be found to be incomplete or absent in some patients. The 5th cervical nerve (i.e. It is also the site of the majority (~90%) of post-traumatic aortic injuries as the They are affected by a wide range of pathology that results in a diverse range of illnesses. By way of its branches, the thoracoacromial artery pierces the clavipectoral fascia to supply regions of the upper limb and trunk for which they are named.. Although there is a dual supply to the brain, each division shares a common origin. squamous part (temporal squama); petrous part (petrous pyramid); The axillary artery supplies the content of the shoulder and the arm via its six branches that each originate from the trunk of the artery in the following order: Although there is a dual supply to the brain, each division shares a common origin. This initial division is into secondary or lobar bronchi, but subsequent divisions give rise to smaller and smaller bronchi and bronchioles until the smallest bronchioles connect to the innumerable alveoli.. Each segment has its own The anterior intercostal branches of internal thoracic artery supply the upper five or six a branch of the costocervical trunk of the subclavian artery. The facial nerve and its branches pass through the parotid gland, as does the external carotid artery and retromandibular vein.The external carotid artery forms its two After a sharply horizontal egress from the aorta, the proximal segment of the right coronary artery courses superiorly and rightward, posterior to the pulmonary trunk and underneath the right Gross anatomy. The shape of the acromion had been initially divided into three types (which was known as the Bigliani classification) 3, to which a fourth has been added 2.They are used as a standardized way of describing the acromion, as well as predicting to a degree the incidence of impingement.. The vertebra prominens, or C7, has a distinctive long and prominent spinous process, which is palpable from the skin surface.Sometimes, the seventh cervical vertebra is associated with an abnormal extra rib, known as a cervical rib, which develops from the anterior root of the transverse process.These ribs are usually small, but may occasionally compress blood vessels The left counterparts to these Summary. Each lung weighs approximately 1.1 kg. numerous small branches. Summary. numerous small branches. The order of appearances of the elbow ossification centers is highly reliable and in most individuals, is The cervical plexus is a conglomeration of cervical nerves formed by the anterior (ventral) rami of spinal nerves C1-C4 (a.k.a. numerous small branches. They are affected by a wide range of pathology that results in a diverse range of illnesses. Radiographic appearance Fluoroscopy. posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). On the right-hand side of the body, the brachiocephalic trunk arises from the arch of the aorta and bifurcates at the upper border of the 2nd right sternoclavicular joint.It gives rise to the right subclavian artery as well as the right common carotid artery.. By way of its branches, the thoracoacromial artery pierces the clavipectoral fascia to supply regions of the upper limb and trunk for which they are named.. Gross anatomy Origin. The main artery in the shoulder is the axillary artery.This artery begins at the lateral border of the 1st The temporal bone is divided into several main parts/portions 1-3:. There are six ossification centers of the elbow that appear and develop in a relatively reproducible fashion, and are key to assessment of the pediatric elbow radiograph.Timing of their appearance varies in the literature but an approximation is given below. The horizontal fissure is highly variable and can be found to be incomplete or absent in some patients. Gross anatomy. Classification. There are six ossification centers of the elbow that appear and develop in a relatively reproducible fashion, and are key to assessment of the pediatric elbow radiograph.Timing of their appearance varies in the literature but an approximation is given below. The jugular foramen is the cranial foramen between the petrous temporal bone and occipital bone where the sigmoid sinus and inferior petrosal sinus drain into the internal jugular vein and where cranial nerves IXXI (glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory) exit.. Within the sinus, the internal carotid artery travels anteriorly, in a horizontal manner until it reaches the anterior limit of the sinus. It has superficial and deep lobes, separated by the facial nerve. in 1986 aberrant right subclavian artery passing anterior or posterior to the esophagus. Gross anatomy Divisions: 2-part classification. Here the artery is also referred to as the cavernous part. The vein is superior to the artery, and the intercostal nerve is inferior to it. The axillary artery supplies the content of the shoulder and the arm via its six branches that each originate from the trunk of the artery in the following order: It is thought to increase the risk of shoulder impingement presumably due to increased mobility of the unfused secondary center. termination: combines with the contralateral vertebral artery to form the basilar modified barium swallow is used to evaluate pharyngeal motility during swallowing; the procedure utilizes barium of varying consistencies given by mouth with video recording of swallowing It lies in the midline of the chest between the pleura of each lung and extends from the sternum to the vertebral column.. Elbow ossification occurs at the six elbow ossification centers in a reproducible order. The mediastinum is a space in the thorax that contains a group of organs, vessels, nerves, lymphatics and their surrounding connective tissue. The azygos vein is a unilateral vessel that ascends in the thorax to the right of the vertebral column, carrying deoxygenated blood from the posterior chest and abdominal walls. The acromioclavicular joint is between the small facet of the convex distal clavicle and flat anteromedial acromion.The articular surfaces are lined with fibrocartilage (like the sternoclavicular joint, it is an atypical synovial joint). In most cases, the carotid bifurcation occurs between the levels of the C3 and C5 vertebrae, or between the levels The Journal of Emergency Medicine is an international, peer-reviewed publication featuring original contributions of interest to both the academic and practicing emergency physician.JEM, published monthly, contains research papers and clinical studies as well as articles focusing on the training of emergency physicians and on the practice of emergency location: paired sinuses within the body of the maxilla; blood supply: small arteries from the facial, maxillary, infraorbital and greater palatine arteries; innervation: superior alveolar, greater palatine and infraorbital nerves; Gross anatomy. Gross anatomy. The lungs are the functional units of respiration and are key to survival.They contain 1500 miles of airways, 300-500 million alveoli and have a combined surface area of 70 square meters (half a tennis court). The acromioclavicular joint is between the small facet of the convex distal clavicle and flat anteromedial acromion.The articular surfaces are lined with fibrocartilage (like the sternoclavicular joint, it is an atypical synovial joint). In the shoulder and arm, the brachial plexus gives rise to two nerves: the suprascapular nerve; the axillary nerve; When the brachial plexus is injured, these nerves are affected and some interesting clinical syndromes can be observed.. Arteries and veins. trapezium; trapezoid; capitate; hamate; The names and order of these bones can be remembered through various It is usually seen at the anteromedial aspect of the aorta at site of the aortic isthmus, where the ligamentum arteriosum attaches. Gross anatomy. The thoracoacromial (acromiothoracic) artery is a primary trunk that gives rise to four other arteries. The carpal bones, also known as the carpus (plural: carpi), are the eight bones of the wrist that form the articulation of the forearm with the hand.They are usually divided into two rows: proximal row. In the shoulder and arm, the brachial plexus gives rise to two nerves: the suprascapular nerve; the axillary nerve; When the brachial plexus is injured, these nerves are affected and some interesting clinical syndromes can be observed.. Arteries and veins. There is a significant association between negative ulnar variance and Kienbck disease, although the majority of people with negative ulnar variance do not have this condition. Summary. The Journal of Emergency Medicine is an international, peer-reviewed publication featuring original contributions of interest to both the academic and practicing emergency physician.JEM, published monthly, contains research papers and clinical studies as well as articles focusing on the training of emergency physicians and on the practice of emergency It is thought to increase the risk of shoulder impingement presumably due to increased mobility of the unfused secondary center. Arterial supply is via anastomotic (medial, lateral and posterior) arcades formed by branches of the radial, ulnar and brachial arteries 7 which contribute to the arterial anastomosis of the elbow. The clavicular branch courses The facial nerve and its branches pass through the parotid gland, as does the external carotid artery and retromandibular vein.The external carotid artery forms its two Os acromiale is relatively common, seen in ~8% (range 1-15%) of the population 1,2 and can be bilateral in 60% of individuals 5.. Clinical presentation. The subclavian artery is a paired arterial vessel of the thorax.The right and left arteries have different origins; the left subclavian artery originates directly from the aortic arch, while the right subclavian artery originates from the brachiocephalic trunk.. It is usually seen at the anteromedial aspect of the aorta at site of the aortic isthmus, where the ligamentum arteriosum attaches. radicular/spinal branches. The axillary lymph nodes, also known commonly as axillary nodes, are a group of lymph nodes in the axilla and receive lymph from vessels that drain the arm, the walls of the thorax, the breast and the upper walls of the abdomen.. trapezium; trapezoid; capitate; hamate; The names and order of these bones can be remembered through various Summary. medially by the aryepiglottic fold and arytenoid and cricoid cartilages; laterally by the thyroid cartilage and thyrohyoid membrane; superiorly by the level of the hyoid bone; inferiorly by the level of the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage In the shoulder and arm, the brachial plexus gives rise to two nerves: the suprascapular nerve; the axillary nerve; When the brachial plexus is injured, these nerves are affected and some interesting clinical syndromes can be observed.. Arteries and veins. A collection of air cells (3-18 in number) separated by bony septa within each origin: branches of the 1 st part of the subclavian artery course: ascends posterior to the internal carotid artery in the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae branches. The left counterparts to these location: paired sinuses within the body of the maxilla; blood supply: small arteries from the facial, maxillary, infraorbital and greater palatine arteries; innervation: superior alveolar, greater palatine and infraorbital nerves; Gross anatomy. aberrant right subclavian artery passing anterior or posterior to the esophagus. The temporal bone is situated on the sides and the base of the cranium and lateral to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum. Gross anatomy. This classification was initially proposed by Bigliani et al. The temporal bone is one of the most important calvarial and skull base bones. termination: combines with the contralateral vertebral artery to form the basilar On the right-hand side of the body, the brachiocephalic trunk arises from the arch of the aorta and bifurcates at the upper border of the 2nd right sternoclavicular joint.It gives rise to the right subclavian artery as well as the right common carotid artery.. The temporal bone is one of the most important calvarial and skull base bones. Innervation. The vein is superior to the artery, and the intercostal nerve is inferior to it. The parotid gland is wrapped around the mandibular ramus and extends to a position anterior and inferior to the ear. The horizontal fissure arises from the right oblique fissure and follows the 4 th intercostal space from the sternum until it meets the oblique fissure as it crosses right 5 th rib 1.. The jugular foramen is the cranial foramen between the petrous temporal bone and occipital bone where the sigmoid sinus and inferior petrosal sinus drain into the internal jugular vein and where cranial nerves IXXI (glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory) exit.. Summary. Gross anatomy Origin. Course. The skull base and vault collectively form the neurocranium. termination: combines with the contralateral vertebral artery to form the basilar Aortic ductus diverticulum is a developmental outpouching of the thoracic aorta which may be mistaken for an acute aortic injury.. In relation to the anterior scalene muscles, the subclavian artery can be divided into three segments that